E
Sustainable Environment
S
Inclusive Society
G
Corporate Governance

Green Performance

Environmental protection is key to China Airlines. We actively seek operational success and ecological benefits, leading sustainable growth in Taiwan’s aviation.

Greenhouse Gas Aviation Fuel Performance Energy Conservation Management Performance Noise and Air Pollution Control Waste Management Water Resource Management

Green Performance

Environmental protection is a crucial cornerstone for corporate sustainable development. To this end, China Airlines is committed to implementing its "Environmental and Energy Policy," guided by four main operational pillars: "Sound Environmental and Energy Management Operations," "Deepening Carbon Management Practices," "Building Environmental Management Capacity in the Value Chain," and "Promoting Internal and External Environmental Awareness." Through regular and ad hoc meetings of the Corporate Environmental Committee, its five major environmental management committees, the Aviation fuel management team, and various functional project teams, the company continuously improves and enhances the ecological benefits of its operations. It actively manages environmental-related operational risks and opportunities within the aviation industry. For detailed performance information, please refer to the " environmental Performance Appendix."

Greenhouse Gas

In accordance with the guidelines of ISO/CNS 14064-1 and the Greenhouse Gases Protocol, CAL conducts annual surveys for international aviation fuel and greenhouse emissions of all ground operations to monitor the overall greenhouse gas emission conditions. Starting from 2015, CAL calculated the emissions from the products purchased, capital goods, fuel and energy-related activities not included in Scope 1 or 2, upstream and downstream transportation and distribution, waste treatment, employee commuting, upstream and downstream leased assets, and investments based on 15 classification requirements of the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Guidance. The greenhouse gas emissions are summarized below:


Source of Emission Analysis Method Approach Year Types of GHG Biofuel
  • Aviation fuel
  • Petrol and diesel used by official vehicles / engineering vehicles / forklifts / tow trucks
  • Refrigerant used to replenish vehicles / air conditioner / drink dispensers
  • Diesel used by emergency generations / boilers / fire trucks
  • Halon / CO2  / FM200 / FE36 fire extinguishers LPG and oxy-acetylene used during aircraft maintenance
  • GCB
  • Natural gas used by restaurant and boiler
 Quantitative analysis Annual GHG inventory and external verification 2009 CO2 , N2O,
CH4, HFCs,
 SAF
Source of Emission Analysis Method Approach Year Types of GHG Biofuel
  • Externally purchased electricity
 Quantitative analysis Annual GHG inventory and external verification 2009 CO2e Based on the power generation structure published by Taiwan Power Company
Source of Emission Analysis Method Approach Year Types of GHG Biofuel
  • Upstream and downstream transportation and distribution
  • Business travel
  • Employee commuting
  • Client and visitor transportation
  • Purchased goods and services
  • Fuel and energy related activities (not included in category 1 or category 2)
  • Waste generated in operations
  • Franchises
  • Downsteam rental assets
 Quantitative analysis Perform annual identification, inventory and verification based on CAL’s indirect GHG emissions identification procedure and tool 2020 CO2e Based on the emission source characteristics
GHG Emissions of CAL, Mandarin Airlines, and Tigerair Taiwan

(Unit: tons CO2e)

Scope of GHG Company Items 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Category 1 China Airlines Flight operations 7,059,083 5,787,751 5,875,531 5,435,050 6,048,568 6,224,228 6,525,728
Ground Operations 4,981 3,051 2,897 4,041 3,028 3,328 3,114
Mandarin Airlines Flight operations 237,699 107,505 63,987 89,500 120.429 119,492 120,024
Tigerair Taiwan Flight operations 362,794 53,514 988 31,306 305,107 399,684 422,563
Category 2 China Airlines Ground operations 18,169 17,572 16,697 16,468 15,767 15,079 16,138
Categories 3-6(Note) China Airlines Ground operations 1,607,690 1,326,227 1,364,016 1,240,935 1,389,211 1,432,790 1,529,257

Note 1: The statistics contain 100% of the aviation fuels used by China Airlines (including both domestic and overseas branches, outstations), Mandarin Airlines, and Tigerair Taiwan.

Note 2: In 2024, China Airlines' total greenhouse gas emissions amounted to 7,677,233 metric tons of CO2e (accounting for 100% of total emissions). This figure was verified with reasonable assurance by an accredited verification body in accordance with the ISO 14064-1:2018 inventory standard and certification standards ISO 14066:2011, ISO 14065:2020, and ISO 14064-3:2019, concluding with a pass. Prior to 2022, only off-station ground operation data (less than 0.03% of the total) were not subject to external verification.

Note 3: CAL adheres to ISO 14064-1:2018 and the GHG Protocol Scope 3 guidelines, 15 categories of emissions are calculated, including emissions from purchased goods, capital goods, fuel and energy-related activities not included in Scope 1 and 2, upstream and downstream transportation and distribution, waste disposal, employee commuting, upstream and downstream leased assets, investments, and others.

Note 4: Carbon intensity (ton CO2e / Million NTD) = GHG emissions / Revenue.

Note 5: In 2024, other Group Subsidiaries reported total emissions of 590,061 tons of CO2e for Categories 1 and 2, and 134,347 tons of CO2e for Categories 3-6.

Aviation Fuel Performance

China Airlines
  • Unit: ton
  • Unit: PJ
Mandarin Airlines
  • Unit: ton
  • Unit: PJ
Tigerair Taiwan
  • Unit: ton
  • Unit: PJ
China Airlines
Mandarin Airlines
Tigerair Taiwan
China Airlines
Mandarin Airlines
Tigerair Taiwan
China Airlines Aircraft
  • Unit: Tons/1000 RTK
China Airlines Passenger Aircraft
  • Unit: L/100 RPK
China Airlines Cargo Aircraft
  • Unit: L/FRTK
Mandarin Airlines
  • Unit: Tons/1000 RTK
Tigerair Taiwan
  • Unit: Tons/1000 RTK
China Airlines Aircraft
China Airlines Passenger Aircraft
China Airlines Cargo Aircraft
Mandarin Airlines
Tigerair Taiwan

Note: Mandarin Airlines and Tigerair operate an all-passenger aircraft fleet.

Energy Conservation Management Performance

11,359 ton

Sustainable Aviation Fuels (Cumulative three-year data)

661 kWh

Renewable Energy - Solar Energy (Cumulative three-year data)

Types of Energy Unit 2022 2023 2024 2025
Non-renewable Fuels MWh/GJ 21,053,443 / 75,786,331 23,429,847 / 84,340,702 24,109,748 / 86,788,148 25,454,114 / 91,627,481
Renewable Fuels
(Sustainable Aviation Fuel, SAF)		 MWh/GJ 291 / 1,046 418 / 1,505 369 / 1,327 128,633 / 463,041
Electricity (purchased) MWh/GJ 32,354 / 116,465 31,853/ 114,662 31,813 / 114,518 34,259 / 123,321
Solar photovolatic
(self-consumption)		 MWh/GJ 110 / 396 119 / 428 108 / 389 197 / 710

Note 1: Non-renewable fuels include gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and aviation fuel. All CAL aircraft are counted as part of the calculation of aircraft fuel consumption.

Note 2: Renewable fuels include sustainable aviation fuels and solar photovoltaic.

Note 3: The calorific value of aviation fuel is calculated using the IPCC-announced coefficients, while the calorific values for natural gas and sustainable aviation fuel are derived from the actual values provided by the suppliers. The calorific values for residual fuel oil and diesel are calculated using the latest energy product unit calorific value table from the Energy Bureau.

Note 4: All were included in the data of overseas branches and have been externally verified since 2023.

Note 5: In 2019, CAL obtained Renewable Energy Certificates, and solar photovoltaic power began being used for self-consumption. Therefore, there was no solar photovoltaic systems power generation in 2019; statistics have been collected since 2020.

Noise and Air Pollution Control

Since the noise-free engine is still in the development stage, CAL has initially adopted the following measures to reduce negative impact of noise generated during take-off and landing on local communities and frontline personnel without affecting safety:

  1. All aircrafts in the fleet (A350-900, A330-300, A321neo, 777-300ER, 737-800, 777F, and 747- 400F) have conformed to international noise standards (noise level for Chapters 3 and 4 of ICAO Annex 16); in particular, noise of A350-900 is 16 dB lower than the current standards and 20% less than that of the same model of competitors.
  2. Implement flight takeoff and landing operations in accordance with the Noise Abatement Procedures announced by each airport.
  3. Encourage the flight crew to employ the continuous descent approach (CDA) to continue low-noise operations, lower noise level, and reduce fuel consumption.
  4. Pay noise charges according to regulations of each country's airports on noise prevention.
  5. Collect international information through international exchange platforms, such as IATA to continue to carry out noise reduction.

Among the gases emitted by aircraft engines, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) have a significant impact on the local air quality. CAL reduces the impact on ground air quality during aircraft takeoff / landing mainly through introducing low-pollution new aircraft, performing single-engine taxi operations (engine out taxi), and improving the efficiency of ground power units.In terms of fleet renewal, CAL has fully received 15 A350-900 aircraft, and all A340-300 and 747 passenger aircraft have been retired. In 2025, China Airlines introduced seven A321neo passenger aircrafts and one 777F cargo aircraft. In 2026, besides continuing to add A321neo passenger planes, China Airlines will welcome a new Boeing 787 fleet. With this modern and younger fleet, the airline aims to provide excellent passenger and cargo transportation services. Also, through a robust corporate environmental and energy management mechanism, we continuously achieve zero penalty operation targets and enhance operational ecological benefits.


Corporate NOx and SOx emissions

Passenger aircraft   2022 2023 2024 2025
SOx Emissions (ton)
 29.59 38.36 46.17 47.27
Emission efficiency (g/RTK) 0.0130 0.0094 0.0104 0.0108
NOx Emissions (ton)
 120.64 400.60 482.23 493.70
Emission efficiency (g/RPK) 0.0183 0.0119 0.0130 0.0133
Cargo aircraft   2022 2023 2024 2025
SOx Emissions (ton)
 13.03 11.37 11.02 12.56
Emission efficiency (g/RTK) 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0027
NOx Emissions (ton)
 135.84 118.79 115.14 131.22
Emission efficiency (g/RTK) 0.0291 0.0278 0.0276 0.0284

Note 1: The emissions of SOx and NOx are calculated using the formula "Total annual emissions = Number of flights x SOx/NOx Emission Factor (Tons / LTO)," where the emission factors are based on the latest numerical values announced by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States for that year.

Note 2: LTO: refers to the landing take-off.

Note 3: Mandarin Airlines and Tigerair Taiwan have no cargo aircraft.

Note 4: Amendment of calculation method and coverage on CAL's NOx emissions from 2021 to 2022, excluding the pandemic's effect on flight dispatch.

Passenger aircraft   2023 2024 2025
SOx Emissions (ton)
 26.58 27.81 28.66
Emission efficiency (g/RTK) 0.4004 0.4016 0.3941
NOx Emissions (ton)
 277.54 290.45 299.30
Emission efficiency (g/RPK) 0.3863 0.3933 0.3951

Note 1: The emissions of SOx and NOx are calculated using the formula "Total annual emissions = Number of flights x SOx/NOx Emission Factor (Tons / LTO)," where the emission factors are based on the latest numerical values announced by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States for that year.

Note 2: LTO: refers to the landing take-off.

Note 3: Mandarin Airlines and Tigerair Taiwan have no cargo aircraft.

Note 4: Amendment of calculation method and coverage on CAL's NOx emissions from 2021 to 2022, excluding the pandemic's effect on flight dispatch.

Passenger aircraft   2023 2024 2025
SOx Emissions (ton)
 11.56 15.17 16.04
Emission efficiency (g/RTK) 0.0304 0.0271 0.0268
NOx Emissions (ton)
 120.77 158.41 167.50
Emission efficiency (g/RPK) 0.0279 0.0285 0.0283

Note 1: The emissions of SOx and NOx are calculated using the formula "Total annual emissions = Number of flights x SOx/NOx Emission Factor (Tons / LTO)," where the emission factors are based on the latest numerical values announced by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States for that year.

Note 2: LTO: refers to the landing take-off.

Note 3: Mandarin Airlines and Tigerair Taiwan have no cargo aircraft

Note 4: Amendment of calculation method and coverage on CAL's NOx emissions from 2021 to 2022, excluding the pandemic's effect on flight dispatch.

Waste Management

CAL manages waste according to five main principles: refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, and repair. CAL's objective is to recycle 100% of waste and increase the waste recycling rate year by year. For more information, please refer to Commitment and Long-Term Goals. Considering that air transportation services are the core operations of the aviation industry, CAL actively participates in the IATA Cabin Waste Task Force discussions and has established a Waste Working Group. Since 2017, it has been collecting the total weight of cabin waste and recycled items.

Waste Management Performance

(Unit: Tons)

Item Waste produced Disposal Method
2022 2023 2024 2025
General domestic waste 113 122 118 138 Incineration - with energy recovery
629 986 948 839 Incineration - without energy recovery (Delivered to the airport incineration plant in accordance with regulations and recommended the installation of electricity generation facilities)
Resource recycling 622 973 1,111 1,098 Recycling and reuse - resource recycling
Hazardous industrial waste 12 11 7 12 Other treatment - heat treatment (e.g., sludge from electroplating)
2 1 1 0.72 Other treatment - offshore treatment (e.g., batteries that contain cadmium)
Non-hazardous industrial waste 147 194 193 153 Recycling and reuse - resource recycling (e.g., waste lubricants)
47 127 113 200 Other treatment - heat treatment (e.g., waste paint)
Total 1,572 2,414 2,491 2,441 -

Note 1: Third-party contractors were appointed for removing and offsite processing of waste for disposal. CAL implements inspections in accordance with the contract to ensure compliance with regulations.

Note 2: The scope covers the maintenance park, the CAL Park, the Kaohsiung branch office operations, VIP Lounge services at Taiwan locations, in-flight supplies for flights returning to TPE, catering operations, and cargo services at Taoyuan International Airport.

Note 3: Due to changes in the reporting process in 2024, the category of non-hazardous waste—waste wood—was newly included in the statistics starting in 2024. In 2025, the amount for this category was 166.41 metric tons (recycled).

Food Waste Management


Source of waste Performance Indicators Waste Produced Disposal Method
2022 2023 2024 2025
VIP Lounge, Employee Canteen, and In-flight Meal Preparation Amount Generated (ton) 142 541(Note1) 461 369 Recycling: Composting and Pig Farming
Per Capita Generation – VIP Lounge(kg/person) 0.017 0.034 0.032 0.029
In-Flight Meal Service Amount Generated (ton) 632 1,610 1,863 2,095 Incineration - with energy recovery (in accordance with quarantine requirements)(Note2)
Per Capita-meal Generation – In-flight Service(kg/person-meal) 0.65 0.33 0.31 0.35
Total 774 2,151 2,324 2,464

Note 1:

Food waste incinerated in accordance with quarantine regulations and most general household waste that employees are unable to recycle are utilized for power generation through the cogeneration system at the incineration plant (Waste To Energy, WTE).

Note 2:

The scope covers the maintenance park, the CAL Park, the Kaohsiung branch employee cafeteria, VIP Lounge services at Taiwan locations, in-flight supplies for flights returning to TPE, and catering operations at Taoyuan International Airport. Excludes food waste generated by the employee cafeteria at the CAL Park in 2025, as it has been processed into soil amendment materials using a food waste processing unit.

Water Resource Management

The domestic sewage of CAL is collected and sent to the airport sewage treatment plant for treatment, and wastewater is bound to be produced in the aircraft maintenance process, which causes heavy damage to our environment and needs to be properly treated before discharge. Based on the concept of full recycling and treatment, CAL has established two wastewater treatment plants in the maintenance park to handle electroplating wastewater (containing heavy metals such as chromium and cadmium) and organic wastewater produced in the engine and aircraft maintenance processes through tertiary treatment prior to reuse and discharge into the Nankan river basin (level C water body defined by TW EPA). In the first line of control, well-qualified employees are trained to carry out the management and regularly monitor the quality of the discharged water in accordance with the strict regulations. A second and third-level supervision and inspection mechanism of the corporate environmental systems has also covering the issues for close monitoring.


Water Usage Area
(Source Type)		 Water Withdrawal
(Note 1)
(Kilotons) 		Water Consumption
(Note 2)
(Kilotons)		 Water Discharge
(Note 3)
(Kilotons)		 Recycled Volume
(Note 4)
(thousand tonnes) 		Recycling Ratio
(%)
2022 2023 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025 2025
CAL Park
(tap water)
 28.70 36.46 40.82 39.30 19.30 27.05 14.36 31.16%
CAL Park
(rainwater)
 9.35 6.07 9.65 6.79
EMO Park
(tap water)
 55.81 61.55 58.17 63.93 38.33 Domestic:
11.50		 NA -
Industrial:
14.10		 Industrial:
3.51		 5.49%
Taipei Branch
(tap water)
 4.02 4.18 3.91 4.23 2.07 2.17 NA -
Songshan Office
(tap water)
 10.68 15.97 11.53 12.65 4.88 7.77 NA -
Total
 108.56 124.23 124.08 126.90 64.31 62.59 17.87 14.08%

Note 1:

Scope covered by water meters: CAL Park, EMO Park, Songshan Office, and Taipei Branch.

Note 2:

The water consumption volume of CAL Park is calculated based on the water consumption of the equipment. The water consumption volume of Taipei Branch and Songshan Office is calculated proportionally based on the water consumption of CAL Park.

Note 3:

Wastewater treatment for the EMO Park includes industrial wastewater from Taiwan Aircraft Maintenance and Engineering Co., Ltd.

Note 4:

Water recycling includes rainwater and intermediate water recovery in the Park and wastewater recycled in the EMO Park.

2025 Test result The first wastewater plant The second wastewater plant National Effluent Standards
PH 8.0 7.0 6-9
Water temperature (°C) 26.9 26.9
  • From October to April: Below 35°C
  • From May to September: Below 38°C
Suspended solid(mg / L) <2.5 16.4 30
Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD(mg / L) 64.5 79.5 100

Announcement and Communication — Build an Image of Environmental Protection

As a member of the transportation services industry, CAL recognizes the need to integrate environmental processes with the nature of the operations and include these processes in the company's services. Therefore, environment management committees are individually established for cargo and passenger services to coordinate and carry out relevant environmental measures. To implement external communication, CAL communicates the corporate concept and performance of environmental protection with stakeholders through social media and in-flight magazines in hopes of creating and spreading the awareness of green consumption.

The key measures carried out in 2025 include:


Green Services and Communication

Passengers and Shippers Share new knowledge on environmental sustainability and increase green consumption awareness In-flight entertainment system, in-flight magazine (Dynasty), official website, and social media posts
  • A selection of 23 in-flight environmental and ecological films.
  • 7 environmental feature articles and reports were shared on social media, reaching a total of approximately 269,629 people.
  • Continue to disclose information of carbon footprintof routes.
  • Set up the "Green Life Select section" on CAL’seMALL website.
Group (joint venture) Companies and Business Partners/th>
  • Enhance environmental risk and opportunity management, strengthen carbon management, and build adaptive capacity
  • Expand sustainable influence by adding value to products and services
 Regular/periodic risk and opportunity surveys, invitations to physical/online courses, annual management communication meetings, etc.
  • CAL Group subsidiaries implemented and expanded the environmental management system in phases.
  • The Group has completed its carbon inventory, and all greenhouse gas emissions across the relevant scopes has obtained third-party assurance statements. For details, please see ESG Appendix 1.
  • Group partners have set 24 energy and resource management goals, of which 15 have been 100% achieved.
  • The up-to-date "CAL Code of Conduct" and "Supplier Code of Conduct"